No there is no announcement on the trains, except in Rajdhanis/Shatabdis. There are some other trains where this is being slowly implemented, but not in all trains as yet. The best thing to do would be to print out the time table from this site, and carry it with you and check which station has been crossed. You will then be able to make up where you are at which point of time, and whether the train is on time or not.
Better would be you go to www.indianrail.gov.in, and there get...
more... the schedule which is official. If you need help on this, send me a mail on delhimurlidhar@gmail.com with the details of the train number, and I will send it back to you the full time table.
But it's pretty easy on indianrail.gov.in
Good wishes.